![]() NACC recommended a multiday SCS trial for the treatment of pain to assess the therapy before committing to permanent implantation of an expensive and potentially more invasive device. A review of cost-effectiveness data implied that the largest reductions in health care expenditure come not only with consideration of SCS but also including it earlier as part of a comprehensive treatment paradigm. Most data covering costs of SCS argue in favor of its cost-effectiveness for chronic neuropathic pain, especially in comparison to reoperation and medical management. The break-even point at which savings associated with SCS are observed in therapy responders has been shown to be 2.1 to 2.5 years. Several cost-effectiveness analyses, spanning several different countries and cost/reimbursement patterns, have repeatedly demonstrated, at even relatively short follow-up periods (eg, 24 months or less), that patient-reported health outcomes are sufficiently improved such that widely accepted standards of “willingness to pay” are met. Substantial costs associated with the SCS system arise at the time of surgical implantation as well as at the time of revision (for reasons such as implantable pulse generator battery depletion, lead replacement, device malfunction, and infection). Research showed that success was inversely proportional to time between initial pain diagnosis and implantation, and the Neuromodulation Appropriateness Consensus Committee (NACC) recommended that SCS be considered and trialed within the first 2 years of chronic pain. In the treatment algorithm, SCS performed early in the course of patients’ chronic pain processes is associated with better outcomes than SCS performed late in the disease. The efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of traditional SCS for chronic pain conditions are well-established with level 1 and level 2 evidence. ![]() Currently, the annual worldwide SCS system implantation rate is between 35,000 and 50,000 units. Electrical stimulation of the spinal cord is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for chronic painful disorders of the trunk and extremities such as failed back surgery syndrome and complex regional pain syndrome types I and II. SCS targets the dorsal columns of the spinal cord for relief of neuropathic pain. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has become an important tool in the management of otherwise intractable pain and can be a life-changing therapy for many patients. In the United States alone, an estimated 7.9 million adults experience chronic back pain. Chronic back pain affects a large portion of the global population, costing billions in direct and indirect medical costs and disrupting the lives of millions of people.
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